Design Thinking Concept w sektorze szkolnictwa wyższego: porównanie przedstawiciela uczelni polskiej i amerykańskiej
Zbigniew Malara
Politechnika Wrocławska,
Wrocław, Polska
e-mail: zbigniew.malara@pwr.edu.pl
ORCID: 0000-0002-4404-4959
Słowa kluczowe:
design thinking, sektor szkolnictwa wyższego, rozwój programów nauczania.
Yasmin Ziaeian
Politechnika Wrocławska,
Wrocław, Polska
e-mail: yasmin.ziaeian@pwr.edu.pl
ORCID: 0000-0003-4713-1860
otrzymano: 10.09.2021
poprawiono: 22.09.2021
zaakceptowano: 15.10.2021
Streszczenie
Myślenie projektowe (ang. design thinking) jest instrumentem promowania innowacji w biznesie, a także nowym ważnym podejściem w edukacji. To proces twórczy, który umożliwia uczniowi doskonalenie innowacyjnej osobowości, a także pomaga w tworzeniu współczesnych narzędzi edukacyjnych. Przeprowadzając przegląd literatury, autorzy artykułu zauważyli obecność tego zagadnienia w pracach teoretyków, a jednocześnie stwierdzili zauważalny brak wskazań do wdrożenia tych ustaleń oraz ich weryfikacji w praktyce (kształcenie specjalistów i studentów). Ponieważ tradycyjne narzędzia edukacyjne nie są wystarczające, w sektorach szkolnictwa wyższego rośnie znaczenie myślenia projektowego, mimo że wdrażanie tego tematu na uniwersytetach i w szkołach biznesu jest bardzo powolne. W niniejszym opracowaniu porównano kursy prowadzone w Hasso Plattner Institute of Design na Uniwersytecie Stanforda – lidera w dziedzinie myślenia projektowego – oraz na Politechnice Wrocławskiej. Zastosowanie podejścia opartego na omawianym tu studium przypadku mogłoby pomóc naukowcom zrozumieć różnice między instytucjami, zauważyć luki na polskiej uczelni i zaproponować na niej poprawę kursów.
Literatura
-
Bauer, R. M., & Eagen, W. M. (2008). Design thinking: Epistemic plurality in management and organization. Aesthesis: International Journal of Art and Aesthetics in Management and Organizational Life, 2(3), 568–596.
-
Beckman, S. L., & Barry, M. (2007). Innovation as a learning process: Embedding design thinking. California Management Review, 50(1), 25–56. https://doi.org/10.2307/41166415
-
Beligatamulla, G., Rieger, J., Franz, J., & Strickfaden, M. (2019). Making pedagogic sense of design thinking in the higher education context. Open Education Studies, 1(1), 91–105. http://doi.org/10.1515/edu-2019-0006
-
Brown, T. (2009). Change by design: How design thinking transforms organizations and inspires innovation. Harper Business
-
Brown, T. (2011). Design thinking: Thoughts by Tim Brown. IDEO. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U-hzefHdAMk
-
Brown, T, & Wyatt, J. (2010). Design thinking for social innovation. Development Outreach, 12(1), 29–43. https://doi.org/10.1596/1020- -797X_12_1_29 Bruner, J. S. (1990). Acts of meaning. Harvard University Press.
-
Buchanan, R. (1992). Wicked problems in design thinking. Design Issues, 8(2), 5–21. https://doi.org/10.2307/1511637
-
Callahan, K. C. (2019). Design thinking in curricula. In R. Hickman, J. Baldacchino, K. Freedman, E. Hall, E., & M. Meager (Eds.), The international encyclopedia of art and design education (pp. 1–6). American Cancer Society.
-
Carlgren, L., Rauth, I., & Elmquist, M. (2016). Framing design thinking: The concept in idea and enactment. Creativity and Innovation Management, 25(1), 38–57. https://doi.org/10.1111/caim.12153
-
Cross, N., (2010) Design Thinking as a Form of Intelligence. In K. Dorst, S. Stewart, I. Staudinger, B. Paton, & A. Dong (Eds.), Proceedings of the 8th Design Thinking Research Symposium (DTRS8) Interpreting Design Thinking, Sydney, 19-20 October, pp. 99-105.
-
Cross, N. (2019). Design thinking: Understanding how designers think. Bloomsbury Publishing PLC.
-
Cross, N., & Cross, A. (1998). Expertise in engineering design. Research in Engineering Design, 10, 141–149. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01607156
-
Dam, R. F., & Siang T. Y. (n.d.). The 5 stages in the design thinking process. Interaction Design Foundation. https://www.interaction-design.org/literature/article/5-stages-in-the-design-thinking- -process.
-
Do, E. Y-L., & Gross, M. D. (2001). Thinking with diagrams in architectural design. Artificial Intelligence Review, 15, 135–149. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006661524497
-
Dunne, D., & Martin, R. (2006). Design thinking and how it will change management education: An interview and discussion. Academy of Management Learning and Education, 5(4), 512–523. https://doi.org/10.5465/amle.2006.23473212
-
Dym, C. L., Agogino, A. M., Eris, O., Frey, D. D., & Leifer, L. J. (2005). Engineering design thinking, teaching, and learning. Journal of Engineering Education, 94, 103–120. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2168-9830.2005. tb00832.x
-
Elliott, S. N., Kratochwill, T. R., Littlefield Cook, J. & Travers, J. (2000). Educational psychology: Effective teaching, effective learning (3rd ed.). McGraw-Hill College.
-
Ericsson, K. A., & Smith, J. (Eds.). (1991). Toward a general theory of expertise: Prospects and limits. Cambridge University Press.
-
Evans, D. L., McNeill, B. W., Beakley, G. C. (1990). Design in engineering education: Past views of future directions. Journal of Engineering Education, 80(5), 517–522.
-
Fricke, G. (1999). Successful approaches in dealing with differently precise design problems. Design Studies, 20, 417–429.
-
Goldman, S., Kabayadondo, Z., Royalty, A., Carroll, M. P., & Roth, B. (2014). Student teams in search of design thinking. In L. Leifer, H. Plattner, & Ch. Meinel (Eds.), Design thinking research. Building innovation eco-systems (pp. 11–34). Springer.
-
Goldschmidt, G., & Badke-Schaub, P. (2008). The design-physchology indispensable research-partnership. In Proceedings of the 8th Design Thinking Research Symposium, Sydney 2010.
-
Goldschmidt, G., & Weil, M. (1998). Contents and structure in design reasoning. Design Issues, 14(3), 85–100. https://doi.org/10.2307/ 1511899
-
Grots, A., & Creuznacher, I. (2016). Design thinking: Process or culture? In W. Brenner & F. Uebernickel (Eds.), Design thinking for innovation (pp. 183–191). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3- 319-26100-3_13
-
Hasso Plattner Institute of Design (n.d.). An Introduction to Design Thinking Process Guide. Stanford Engineering. https://web.stanford.edu/~mshanks/MichaelShanks/files/509554.pdf
-
Ho, C.-H. (2001). Some phenomena of problem decomposition strategy for design thinking: Differences between novices and experts. Design Studies, 22(1), 27–45. http://doi.org/10.1016/S0142-694X(99) 00030-7
-
Hodgkinson, G. (2013). Teaching design thinking. In J. Herrington, A. Couros, & V. Irvine (Eds.), Proceedings of EdMedia. Conference on Educational Media and Technology (pp. 1520–1524). Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE).
-
Johansson-Sköldberg, U., & Woodilla, J. (2013). Design thinking: Past, present and possible futures. Creativity and Innovation Management, 22(2), 121–146. https://doi.org/10.1111/caim.12023
-
Kimbell, L. (2011). Rethinking design thinking: Part I. Design and Culture, 3(3), 285–306. http://doi.org/10.2752/175470811X13071166525216
-
Lave, J., & Wenger, E. (1991). Situated learning. Legitimate peripheral participation. University of Cambridge Press.
-
Meinel, C., Leifer, L., & Plattner, H. (Eds.) (2011). Design Thinking: Understand - Improve – Apply. Springer Berlin. https://doi.org/10.1007/ 978-3-642-13757-0
-
Micheli, P., Wilner, S. J., Bhatti, S., Mura, M., & Beverland, M. B. (2018). Doing design thinking: Conceptual review, synthesis and research agenda. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 36(2), 124-148. http://doi.org/10.1111/jpim.12466
-
Nagai, Y., & Noguchi, H. (2003). An experimental study on the design thinking process started from difficult keywords: Modeling the thinking process of creative design. Journal of Engineering Design, 14(4), 429–437. https://doi.org/10.1080/09544820310001606911
-
National Education Association. (2014). Preparing 21st century students for a global society. An Educators Guide to the “Four Cs” Great Public Schools for Every Student. https://www.academia.edu/36311252/Preparing_21st_Century_Students_for_a_Global_Society_ An_Educators_Guide_to_the_Four_Cs_Great_Public_Schools_for_Every_Student
-
Owen, C. (2007). Design thinking: Notes on its nature and use. Design Research Quarterly, 2(1), 16–27.
-
Piaget, J. (1972). The psychology of the child. Basic Books.
-
Plattner, H., Meinel, C., & Leifer, L. (2011). Design thinking. Understand – improve – apply. Heidelberg: Springer.
-
Rauth, I., Köppen, E., Jobst, B., & Meinel, C. (2010). Design thinking: An educational model towards creative confidence. In T. Taura & Y. Nagai (Eds.), DS 66-2: Proceedings of the 1st international conference on design creativity (ICDC 2010).
-
Renard, H. (2014). Cultivating design thinking in students through material inquiry. International Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education, 26(3), 414–424.
-
Roethel, K. (2010, November 26). Stanford’s design school promotes creativity. San Francisco Chronicle. https://www.sfgate.com/education/article/Stanford-s-design-school-promotes-creativity-3244664.php
-
Rotherham, A. J., & Willingham, D. (2009). 21st Century Skills: The Challenges Ahead. Educational Leadership, 67(1), 16–21.
-
Rowe, P. (1987). Design thinking. MIT Press.
-
Sharples, M., Roock, R. de, Ferguson, R., Gaved, M., Herodotou, C., Koh, E., Kukulska-Hulme, A., Looi, Ch.-K., Mcandrew, P., Rienties, B., Weller, M., & Wong, L. H. (2016). Innovating Pedagogy 2016: Exploring new forms of teaching, learning and assessment, to guide educators and policy makers. Report no. 5. The Open University. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.20677.04325
-
Shute, V. J., & Becker, B. J. (2010). Innovative assessment for the 21st century. Springer-Verlag.
-
Shute, V. J., & Torres, R. (2012). Where streams converge: Using evidence-centered design to assess Quest to Learn. In M. Mayrath, J. Clarke-Midura, & D. H. Robinson (Eds.), Technology-based assessments for 21st century skills: Theoretical and practical implications from modern research (pp. 91–124). Information Age Publishing.
-
Simon, H. A. (1996). The sciences of the artificial (3rd ed.). MIT Press.
-
Skaggs, P. (2018). Design thinking: Empathy through observation, experience, and inquiry. In E. Langran & J. Borup (Eds.), Proceedings of Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference (pp. 1168– 1172). Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE).
-
Stanford Engineering. (n.d.). Hasso Plattner Institute of Design. https://engineering.stanford.edu/get-involved/give/hasso-plattner-institute-design
-
Stempfle, J., & Badke-Schaube, P. (2002). Thinking in design teams – An analysis of team communication. Design Studies, 23(5), 473–496. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0142-694X(02)00004-2
-
Taheri, M., Unterholzer, T., Hölzle, K., & Meinel, C. (2016). An educational perspective on design thinking learning outcomes. In ISPIM Innovation Symposium (p. 1). The International Society for Professional Innovation Management (ISPIM).
-
Tang, H-H., & Gero, J. S. (2001). Sketches as affordances of meanings in the design process. In J. S. Gero, B. Tversky & T. Purcell (Eds.), Visual and spatial reasoning in design II (pp. 271–282). University of Sydney, Key Center of Design Computing and Cognition.
-
Wrocław University of Science and Technology. (n.d.). History. https://pwr.edu.pl/en/university/about-us/history